Experimentalist Governance in Bioeconomy: Insights from the Brazilian Amazon
Main Article Content
Vanessa Cuzziol Pinsky
Jacques Marcovitch
Adalberto Luis Val
Abstract
Objective: understand whether subnational processes to develop bioeconomy policy are integrated with local implementation efforts in the state of Amazonas. Theoretical framework: experimentalist governance. Methods: deductive content analysis was conducted in three phases: open and axial coding and integration of theory. Results: a nascent system of experimentalist governance to foment bioeconomy is taking shape. However, the potential for experimentalism to improve policy reforms is far from realized due to policy coordination problems,
incipient collective action among actors, and the absence of incentives to promote experimentation and systematic learning from local experiences. The quintuple helix innovation model is a promising approach to engage different actors in the design and implementation of bioeconomy experiments, where the state actor assumes central coordination and local actors implement. Political will and longterm
strategy based on metrics and a system for review are essential. Conclusion: the experimentalist problem-solving approach could have a significant impact in the Amazonian bioeconomy by demonstrating and replicating the successful initiatives to generate useful local policy experiments, learning, and promoting socioeconomic opportunities with environmental conservation. Policy experimentation can be a new
viable alternative to move state and non-state actors from conflict based on divergent economic interests to a cooperative means to promote socioeconomic development by demonstrating and escalating success cases that can foster policies and opportunities.
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Pinsky, V. C., Marcovitch, J., & Val, A. L. (2024). Experimentalist Governance in Bioeconomy: Insights from the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Contemporary Administration, 28(6), e240170. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2024240170.en
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Mathieu, E., & Rangoni, B. (2019). Balancing experimentalist and hierarchical governance in European Union electricity and telecommunications regulation: A matter of degrees. Regulation & Governance, 13(4), 577-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12254
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Parker, C., Scott, S., & Geddes, A. (2019). Snowball sampling. SAGE.
Pinsky, V. C., Kruglianskas, I., & Victor, D. G. (2019). Experimentalist governance in climate finance: the case of REDD+ in Brazil. Climate Policy 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1571474
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Sabel, C. F., & Zeitlin, J. (2008). Learning from difference: The new architecture of experimentalist governance in the EU. European Law Journal, 14(3), 271–327. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2008.00415.x
Saes, M. S. M., Saes, B. M., Feitosa, E. R. M., Poschen, P., Val, A. L., & Marcovitch, J. (2023). When do supply chains strengthen biological and cultural diversity? Methods and indicators for the socio-biodiversity bioeconomy. Sustainability, 15(10), 8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108053
Sampieri, R. H., Collado, F. & Lucio, C. B. P. (2006). Metodologia de pesquisa (3. ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Sanz-Hernández, A., Esteban, E., & Garrido, P. (2019). Transition to a bioeconomy: Perspectives from social sciences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 107-119.
Schor, T., Rufino, J. P. F., Assunção, L. M., Gonçalves, J. da R., Cohen, M. P. de A., Santos, R. R. dos, … & Fontenele, R. (2021). Diretrizes para a construção conceitual da bioeconomia no Amazonas (Notas Técnicas, 01/2021). SEDECTI. Governo do Amazonas. https://www.sedecti.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NT_Bioconomia_01_SECTI-SEDECTI-AM_Bioeconomia_no_Amazonas.pdf
Viana, C., Coudel, E., Barlow, J., Ferreira, J., Gardner, T., & Parry, L. (2016). How does hybrid governance emerge? Role of the elite in building a green municipality in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Environmental Policy and Governance, 26(5), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1720
Vivien, F. D., Nieddu, M., Befort, N., Debref, R., & Giampietro, M., (2019). The hijacking of the bioeconomy. Ecological Economics, 159, 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.01.027
Yin, R. K. (2004). The case study anthology. Sage.
Zeitlin, J. (2016). EU experimentalist governance in times of crisis. West European Politics, 39(5), 1073-1094. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2016.1181873
Bergamo, D., Zerbini, O., Pinho, P., & Moutinho, P. (2022). The Amazon bioeconomy: Beyond the use of forest products. Ecological Economics, 199(April). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107448
Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418101000205
Brasil (2024). Casa Civil – Secretaria Especial para Assuntos Jurídicos. Decreto n. 12.044 de 5 de junho de 2024. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2024/decreto/D12044.htm
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. (2011). Open innovation diplomacy and a 21st century fractal research, education and innovation (FREIE) ecosystem: Building on the quadruple and quintuple helix innovation concepts. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2, 327-372. https://10.1007/s13132-011-0058-3
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Costa, F. D. E. A., Nobre, C., Genin, C., Medeiros, C., Frasson, R., Fernandes, D. A., … & Ricardo, N. E. (2022). Bioeconomy for the Amazon: Concepts , limits , and trends for a proper definition of the tropical. https://www.wribrasil.org.br/sites/default/files/2022-07/NEA-BR_Bioeconomy_EN.pdf
De Burca, G., Keohane, R. O. de, & Sabel, C. (2013). New Modes of Pluralist global governance. Journal of International Law and Politics, 45, 724–783 https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2465
Eckert, S., & Börzel, T. A. (2012). Experimentalist governance: An introduction. Regulation & Governance, 6(3), 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2012.01163.x
El-Chichakli, B., von Braun, J., Lang, C., Barben, D., & Philp, J., 2016. Policy: five cornerstones of a global bioeconomy, 2016 Nature 535, 221–223. https://doi.org/10.1038/535221a
European Commission. (2018). A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe: Strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment: Updated bioeconomy strategy. European Commission. Brussels. Belgium. https://www.switchtogreen.eu/a-sustainable-bioeconomy-for-europe-strengthening-the-connection-between-economy-society-and-the-environment/
European Commission. (2022). EU Bioeconomy Strategy Progress Report. European Bioeconomy Policy: Stocktaking and future developments. European Bioplastics. Brussels. https://doi.org/10.2777/29289
Fearnside, P. (2017). Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon. In Oxford research encyclopedia of environmental science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.102
Ferreira, G. T. C., Marcovitch, J., & de Queiroz, M. J. (2020). Understanding the constraints on success in Brazilian Amazon Production Chains. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 21(Suppl 1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-020-00245-7
Fundação CERTI. (2022). Estado do Financiamento para a Bioeconomia no Brasil: Estado Atual e Desafios. PNUD and Brazil Ministry of the Economy. https://info.certi.org.br/lp-financiamento-bioeconomia
Gawel, E., Pannicke, N., & Hagemann, N. (2019). A path transition towards a bioeconomy. Sustainability, 11(11), 3005. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113005
Gebara, M. F., Sills, E., May, P., & Forsyth, T. (2019). Deconstructing the policyscape for reducing deforestation in the Eastern Amazon. Environmental Policy and Governance, 29(3), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1846
Gould, W. A., Álvarez-Berríos, N. L., Parrotta, J. A., & McGinley, K. (2024). Climate change and tropical forests. In Future Forests (pp. 203-219). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90430-8.00012-5
Guedes, G. R., Brondízio, E. S., Barbieri, A. F., Anne, R., Penna-Firme, R., & D’Antona, A. O. (2012). Poverty and inequality in the rural Brazilian Amazon. Human Ecology, 40, 41-57. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9444-5
Hardin, R. (1982). Collective Action. RFF Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315044330
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2024, June 16). PNAD - Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9127-pesquisa-nacional-por-amostra-de-domicilios.html?=&t=o-que-e
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (2024, May 8). PRODES - Taxa consolidada de desmatamento na Amazônia em 2022/2023. https://www.gov.br/inpe/pt-br/assuntos/ultimas-noticias/taxa-consolidada-de-desmatamento-na-amazonia-em-2022-2023-e-de-9-064-km2
Langeveld, H., Meeusen, M., & Sanders, J. (Eds.) (2010). The Biobased Economy: Biofuels, materials and chemicals in the post-oil Era. Earthscan.
Lei nº 4.419 (2016). Lei nº 4.419, de 22 de dezembro de 2016. Política Econômica Ambiental do Estado do Amazonas para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, denominada “Matriz Econômica-Ambiental do Amazonas” e dá outras providências. https://online.sefaz.am.gov.br/silt/Normas/Legisla%E7%E3o%20Estadual/Lei%20Estadual/Ano%202016/Arquivo/LE%204.419_16.htm
Lima, M. G. B., (2021). The Politics for a fairer bioeconomy. In The Politics of Bioeconomy and Sustainability (pp. 203–227). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66838-9_9
Marcovitch, J., & Pinsky, V. C. (2020). Bioma Amazônia: Atos e fatos. Estudos Avançados, 34(100), 83–106. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2020.34100.007
Mathieu, E., & Rangoni, B. (2019). Balancing experimentalist and hierarchical governance in European Union electricity and telecommunications regulation: A matter of degrees. Regulation & Governance, 13(4), 577-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12254
McDermott, C. L., Montana, J., Bennett, A., Gueiros, C., Hamilton, R., Hirons, M., … & Picot, L. (2022). Transforming land use governance. Environmental Policy and Governance, (November 2020), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2027
Nobre, I., & Nobre, C. A. (2018). The Amazonia third way initiative: The role of technology to unveil the potential of a novel tropical biodiversity-based economy. In Land Use-Assessing the Past, Envisioning the Future (pp. 183-213). IntechOpen.
OECD. (2009). The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264056886-en
Ostrom, E. (2000). Reformulating the commons. Swiss Political Science Review, 6(1), 29-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1662-6370.2000.tb00285.x
Ostrom, E., & Janssen, M. A. (2005). Multi-level governance and resilience of social-ecological systems. In Globalisation, poverty and conflict: A critical “development” reader (pp. 239-259). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Parker, C., Scott, S., & Geddes, A. (2019). Snowball sampling. SAGE.
Pinsky, V. C., Kruglianskas, I., & Victor, D. G. (2019). Experimentalist governance in climate finance: the case of REDD+ in Brazil. Climate Policy 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1571474
Pinsky, V., Kruglianskas, I., & Gomes, C. M. (2020). Conducting research in climate finance in Latin America: Challenges and opportunities of using grounded theory methodology approach. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-020-00241-x
Ramcilovic-Suominen, S., Kröger, M., & Dressler, W. (2022). From pro-growth and planetary limits to degrowth and decoloniality. Forest Policy and Economics, 144(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102819
Rocha, J. H. A., Siqueira, A. A. de, de Oliveira, M. A. B., Castro, L. da S., Caldas, L. R., Monteiro, N. B. R., & Toledo, R. D. Filho (2022). Circular Bioeconomy in the Amazon Rainforest. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114436
Rockström, J., Gupta, J., Qin, D., Lade, S. J., Abrams, J. F., Andersen, L. S., ... & Zhang, X. (2023). Safe and just Earth system boundaries. Nature, 619(7968), 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8
Sabel, C. F., & Victor, D. G. (2015). Governing global problems under uncertainty. Climatic Change, 144,15–27. http://doi.org.10.1007/s10584-015-1507-y
Sabel, C. F., & Victor, D. G. (2022). Fixing the climate: Strategies for an Uncertain World. Princeton University Press.
Sabel, C. F., & Zeitlin, J. (2008). Learning from difference: The new architecture of experimentalist governance in the EU. European Law Journal, 14(3), 271–327. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2008.00415.x
Saes, M. S. M., Saes, B. M., Feitosa, E. R. M., Poschen, P., Val, A. L., & Marcovitch, J. (2023). When do supply chains strengthen biological and cultural diversity? Methods and indicators for the socio-biodiversity bioeconomy. Sustainability, 15(10), 8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108053
Sampieri, R. H., Collado, F. & Lucio, C. B. P. (2006). Metodologia de pesquisa (3. ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Sanz-Hernández, A., Esteban, E., & Garrido, P. (2019). Transition to a bioeconomy: Perspectives from social sciences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 107-119.
Schor, T., Rufino, J. P. F., Assunção, L. M., Gonçalves, J. da R., Cohen, M. P. de A., Santos, R. R. dos, … & Fontenele, R. (2021). Diretrizes para a construção conceitual da bioeconomia no Amazonas (Notas Técnicas, 01/2021). SEDECTI. Governo do Amazonas. https://www.sedecti.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NT_Bioconomia_01_SECTI-SEDECTI-AM_Bioeconomia_no_Amazonas.pdf
Viana, C., Coudel, E., Barlow, J., Ferreira, J., Gardner, T., & Parry, L. (2016). How does hybrid governance emerge? Role of the elite in building a green municipality in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Environmental Policy and Governance, 26(5), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1720
Vivien, F. D., Nieddu, M., Befort, N., Debref, R., & Giampietro, M., (2019). The hijacking of the bioeconomy. Ecological Economics, 159, 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.01.027
Yin, R. K. (2004). The case study anthology. Sage.
Zeitlin, J. (2016). EU experimentalist governance in times of crisis. West European Politics, 39(5), 1073-1094. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2016.1181873