Multiple Cases of Pro-life Volunteering in a Neo-Aristotelian Ethical Approach
Open Data
Main Article Content
Maria Clara Figueiredo Dalla Costa Ames
Mauricio Custódio Serafim
Abstract
Objective: to understand the relationship between moral virtues and phronesis from volunteers of civil society organizations that work for the protection and assistance of pregnant women, known as pro-life. Theoretical framework: the perspective of virtue ethics is presented in the neo-Aristotelian approach as a theoretical framework, according to which human conduct is understood as based on the dispositions of character, the moral virtues, as well as through practical wisdom or phronesis, with the purpose (telos) of human flourishing. Method: the research strategy consists of a qualitative multiple case study approach in Brazilian (n = 2) and Spanish (n = 2) organizations, focusing on their volunteers (n = 17 participants). The field was accessed through participant observation, semi-structured face-to-face interview, and documentary research, thematically analyzing their content with the aid of NVivo software. Results: the results suggest how they act and learn virtues throughout their experience as volunteers – prudence (phronesis), temperance, courage, and hope – to know how to approach, advise, judge, or restrain judgment and help pregnant women establish priorities and perspectives for the future (foresight). Evidence supports the relationship of the phronesis-temperance and phronesis-hope relationship to balance current priorities and future expectations. Conclusion: different contexts may reveal similar virtues in volunteer practices. The results reinforce the assumption of the unity of virtues. Evidence, limitations, and research possibilities are discussed.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., & Serafim, M. C. (2022). Multiple Cases of Pro-life Volunteering in a Neo-Aristotelian Ethical Approach. Journal of Contemporary Administration, 27(1), e210315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2022210315.en
Section
Theoretical-empirical Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Since mid-February of 2023, the authors retain the copyright relating to their article and grant the journal RAC, from ANPAD, the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0), as stated in the article’s PDF document. This license provides that the article published can be shared (allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapted (allows you to remix, transform, and create from the material for any purpose, even commercial) by anyone.
After article acceptance, the authors must sign a Term of Authorization for Publication, which is sent to the authors by e-mail for electronic signature before publication.
References
Akrivou, K., & Scalzo, H. (2020). In search of a fitting moral psychology for practical wisdom: Exploring a missing link in virtuous management. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(S1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12295
Albareda, L., & Sison, A. J. G. (2020). Commons organizing: Embedding common good and institutions for collective action. Insights from ethics and economics. Journal of Business Ethics, 166, 727-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04580-8
Álvarez, A. A., & Mosquera, N. P. (2017). Políticas de salud sexual y reproductiva en España: Contra-movimientos y marcos interpretativos en conflicto. Revista Española de Sociología, 26(3-SUP), 59-76. https://doi.org/ 10.22325/fes/res.2017.35
Alzola, M., Hennig, A., & Romar, E. (2020). Thematic symposium editorial: Virtue ethics between east and west. Journal of Business Ethics, 165, 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04317-2
Ames, M. C. F. D. C. (2020). Proteção à vida de bebês e gestantes: Formação da agenda brasileira e experiências de organizações voluntárias à luz da ética das virtudes (Doctoral dissertation). Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., & Serafim, M. C. (2019). Ensino-aprendizagem da sabedoria prática (phronesis) em Administração: Uma revisão sistemática. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 23(4), 564-586. http://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2019180301
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., Serafim, M. C., & Martins, F. F. (2021). Análise de escalas e medidas de virtudes morais: Uma revisão sistemática. Revista de Administração Contemporânea. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2022190379.por
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., Serafim, M. C., & Zappellini, M. B. (2020). Phronesis in administration and organizations: A literature review and future research agenda. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(S1), 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12296
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., Serafim, M. C., Zappellini, M. B., & Colonetti, A. (2021). Dinâmicas da agenda do aborto no Senado Federal: de 1988 a outubro de 2020. Cadernos Ebape.Br, 19(Spe), 656-674. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120200126
Anscombe, G. E. M. (1958). Modern moral philosophy. Philosophy, 33(124), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100037943
Aquino, T. D. (2014). A prudência: A virtude da decisão certa (2 ed.) São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Aristóteles (2009). Ética a Nicômaco. São Paulo: Atlas.
Avalos, L. (1999). Hindsight and the abortion experience: What abortion means to women years later. Gender Issues, 17(2), 35-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-999-0014-8
Avanza, M. (2020). Using a feminist paradigm (intersectionality) to study conservatism women: The case of pro-life activists in Italy. Politics & Gender, 16(2), 552-580. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X18001034
Bachmann, C., Habisch, A., & Dierksmeier, C. (2018). Practical wisdom: Management’s no longer forgotten virtue. Journal of Business Ethics, 153, 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3417-y
Bernacchio, C., & Couch, R. (2015). The virtue of participatory governance: A MacIntyrean alternative to shareholder maximization. Business Ethics: European Review, 24(S2), S130-S143. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12101
Bessone, P. G. (2017). Catholic church and transnational networks of anti-abortion activism: Bioethics and political uses of the memory of Holocaust. Religación, 2(8), 126-142. Retrieved from https://revista.religacion.com/index.php/religacion/article/view/116
Binder, M. (2020). (Home)schools of democracy? On the intergenerational transmission of civic engagement. Social Indicators Research, 149, 911-945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02278-y
Bouncken, R. B., Qiu, Y., Sinkovics, N., & Kürsten, W. (2021). Qualitative research: Extending the range with flexible pattern matching. Review of Managerial Science, 15, 251-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00451-2
Carlsen, H. B., Toubøl, J., & Brincker, B. (2021). On solidarity and volunteering during the COVID-19 crisis in Denmark: The impact of social networks and social media groups on the distribution of support. European Societies, 23(Sup1), S122-S140. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1818270
Cavalcante, C. E., Souza, W. J. & Mól, A. L. R. (2015). Motivação de voluntários: Proposição de um modelo teórico. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 16(1), 124-156. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712015/administracao.v16n1p124-156
Chaqués-Bonafont, L., Palau, A. M., & Baumgartner, F. R. (2015). Agenda dynamics in Spain. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chu, I., & Moore, G. (2020). From harmony to conflict: MacIntyrean virtue ethics in a Confucian tradition. Journal of Business Ethics, 165, 221-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04305-6
Darnell, C., Gulliford, L., Kristjánsson, K., & Paris, P. (2019). Phronesis and the knowledge-action gap in moral psychology and moral education: A new synthesis? Human Development, 62(3), 101–129. https://doi.org/10.1159/000496136
Dekker, P., & Halman, L. (2003). The values of volunteering: Cross-cultural perspectives. Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0145-9
Demuijnck, G. (2015). Universal values and virtues in management versus cross-cultural moral relativism: An educational strategy to clear the ground for business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 128, 817-835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2065-3
Dreesbach-Bundy, S., & Scheck, B. (2017). Corporate volunteering: A bibliometric analysis from 1990 to 2015. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility, 26(3), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12148
Época Negócios (2022, February 19). Voluntários se solidarizam e ajudam população de Petrópolis. Retrieved from https://epocanegocios.globo.com/Brasil/noticia/2022/02/voluntarios-se-solidarizam-e-ajudam-populacao-de-petropolis.html
Estado de Minas (2022, February 27). Polônia abre os braços aos refugiados ucranianos. Retrieved from https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/internacional/2022/02/27/interna_internacional,1348627/polonia-abre-os-bracos-aos-refugiados-ucranianos.shtml
Faúndes, J. M. M. (2015). El desarrollo del activismo autodenominado “Pro-Vida” en Argentina, 1980-2014. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 77(3), 407-435. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rms/v77n3/v77n3a3.pdf
Ferrero, I., Rocchi, M., Pellegrini, M. M., & Reichert, E. (2020). Practical wisdom: A virtue for leaders. Bringing together Aquinas and authentic leadership. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility, 29(S1), 84-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12298
Ferrero, I., & Sison, A. (2014). A quantitative analysis of authors, schools and themes in virtue ethics articles in business ethics and management journals (1980–2011). Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(4), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12057
Gillan, K, & Pickerill, J. (2012). The difficult and hopeful ethics of research on, and with, social movements. Social Movement Studies, 11(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.664890
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151
Guillén, M., Ferrero, I., & Hoffman, W. M. (2015). The neglected ethical and spiritual motivations in the workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 128, 803-816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1985-7
Gonçalves, T. D., Grzybovski, D., Mozzato, A. R., & Toebe, C. S. (2017). Contradições no agir do voluntário nas organizações da sociedade civil: Ensaio teórico à luz da sociologia pragmática francesa. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 15(4), 900-913. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395155047
Grant, P., Arjoon, S., & McGhee, P. (2018). In pursuit of Eudaimonia: How virtue ethics captures the self-understandings and roles of corporate directors. Journal of Business Ethics, 153, 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3432-z
Green, J. (2009). The deformation of professional formation: Managerial targets and the undermining of professional judgment. Ethics & Social Welfare, 3(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17496530902951871
Hackett, R. D., & Wang, G. (2012). Virtues and leadership: An integrating conceptual framework founded in Aristotelian and Confucian perspectives on virtues. Management Decision, 50(5), 868-899. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211227564
Hartman, E. M. (1998). The role of character in business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3), 547–559. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857437
Hartman, E. M. (2008). Socratic questions and aristotelian answers: A virtue-based approach to business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(3), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9337-5
Hartman, E. M. (2020). Arriving where we started: Aristotle and business ethics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44089-3
Hobuss, J. (2015). O que nos define? Aristóteles e a psicologia do agente moral. Dissertatio, 41, 305-322. https://doi.org/10.15210/dissertatio.v41i0.8512
Hooft, S. V. (2014). The handbook of virtue ethics. Durham, UK: Acumen Publishing.
Hurst, D. K. (2013). Practical wisdom: Reinventing organizations by rediscovering ourselves. Management Research Review, 36(8), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-11-2012-0256
Hussey, L. (2014). Political action versus personal action: Understanding social movements’ pursuit of change through nongovernmental channels. American Politics Research, 42(3), 409-440. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X13498620
Jacinto, E., & Ames, M. C. (2020). Tecnologia organizacional voltada a práxis: A sabedoria prática como norte para as ações eticamente acertadas nas organizações. In M. C. Serafim (Org.), Virtudes e dilemas morais na Administração (pp. 103-130). Florianópolis: AdmEthics.
Kimport, K. (2012). (Mis)understanding abortion regret. Symbolic Interaction, 35(2), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.11
Komenská, K. (2017). Moral motivation in humanitarian action. Human Affairs, 27(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2017-0013
Koehn, D. (2020). How would Confucian virtue ethics for business differ from Aristotelian virtue ethics? Journal of Business Ethics, 165(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04303-8
Kristjánsson, K. (2021). Collective phronesis in business ethics education and managerial practice: A NeoAristotelian analysis. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04912-2
MacIntyre, A. (2007). After virtue: A study in moral theory (3rd ed.). Notre Dame, UK: University of Notre Dame Press.
Martins, F. F., & Serafim, M. C. (2020). Virtude, finanças e caráter no contexto da ética empresarial: Uma revisão sistemática. Revista Gestão e Planejamento, 21, 698-714. http://doi.org/10.21714/2178-8030gep.v.21.6634
Maxwell, C. J. C. (2002). Pro-life activists in America: Meaning, motivation, and direct action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mateiu-Vescan, R., Ionescu, T., & Opre, A. (2021). Reconsidering volunteering: Individual change as a result of doing good for others. Voluntas, 32, 1213-1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-020-00247-0
Melé, D., & Cantón, C. G. (2014). Human foundations of management: Understanding the homo humanus. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Milona, M. (2020). Discovering the virtue of hope. European Journal of Philosophy, 28(3), 740-754. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12518
Montoro, A. J. G. (2019). Leading cases from Spanish constitutional court concerning the legal status of unborn human life. In P. Zambrano & W. Saunders (Eds.). Unborn human life and fundamental rights: Leading constitutional cases under scrutiny (pp. 83-114). Berlin: Peter Lang.
Morales-Sanchez, R., & Cabello-Medina, C. (2013). The role of four moral competencies in ethical decision-making. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(4), 717-734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1817-9
Morgan, J. (2017). The pro-life movement in Japan. Society, 54, 238-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-017-0130-0
Morrell, K., & Brammer, S. (2016). Governance and virtue: The case of public order policing. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(2), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2522-z
Munson, Z. W. (2018). Abortion politics. Medford, MA: Polity Press.
Neves, J. C., & Melé, D. (2013). Managing ethically cultural diversity: Learning from Thomas Aquinas. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 769-780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1820-1
Nguyen, B., & Crossan, M. (2021). Characterinfused ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04790-8
Newstead, T., Macklin, R., Dawkins, S., & Martin, A. (2018). What is virtue? Advancing the conceptualization of virtue to inform positive organizational inquiry. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(4), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0162
Pinto-Garay, J. (2019). Virtue ethics in business: Scale and scope. Business and Society 360 (Vol. 3, pp. 67–86). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2514-175920190000003003
Provis, C. (2010). Virtuous decision making for business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0564-4
Puckering, J. E. (2015). Volunteering in higher education: Gifts, virtues, or obligations? (Doctoral Dissertation). Durham University, Durham, UK.
Queiroz, R. M. C. (2015). Putting ethics and economic rationality together: An Aristotelian and philosophical approach. Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(3), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12077
Rämö, H. (2011). Visualizing the phronetic organization: The case of photographs in CSR reports. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(3), 371–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0916-8
Robin, D. P., & Reidenbach, R. E. (1987). Social responsibility, ethics, and marketing strategy: Closing the gap between concept and application. Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298705100104
Roca, E. (2007). Intuitive practical wisdom in organizational life. Social Epistemology, 21(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691720701393517
Santos, L. S., Serafim, M. C., Pinheiro, D. M., & Ames, M. C. F. D. C. (2019). Razão e administração: Revisitando alguns elementos fundamentais. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 17(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395169791
Sison, A., Beabout, G. R., & Ferrero, I. (2017). Handbook of virtue ethics in business and management. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6510-8
Sison, A. J. G., & Ferrero, I. (2015). How different is neo-Aristotelian virtue from positive organizational virtuousness? Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(S2), S78–S98. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12099
Sison, A. J. G., Ferrero, I., & Guitián, G. (2018). Business ethics: A virtue ethics and common good approach. New York: Routledge.
Sison, A. J. G., Ferrero, I., & Redín, D. M. (2020). Some virtue ethics implications from Aristotelian and Confucian perspectives on family and business. Journal of Business Ethics, 165(2), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04307-4
Sison, A. J. G., & Hühn, N. (2018). Practical wisdom in corporate governance. In A. J. G. Sison, I. Ferrero, & G. Guitián (Eds.), Business ethics: A virtue ethics and common good approach (pp. 165–186). New York, NY: Routledge.
Slote, M. (2001). Morals from motives. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195138376.001.0001
Solomon, R. C. (1992). Corporate roles, personal virtues: An Aristotelian approach to business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2(3), 317–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857536
Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative research: Studying how things work. New York: The Guilford Press.
Sterud, S. M. (2020). An ethics-of-care paradigm in opposition research: The tensions of studying a pro-life organization. Rhetoric of Health & Medicine, 3(4), 462-482. https://doi.org/10.5744/rhm.2020.4007
Steyl, S. (2020). Aristotelian practical wisdom in business ethics: Two neglected components. Journal of Business Ethics, 163, 417–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4040-x
Strang, K. D. (2015). The Palgrave handbook of research design in business and management. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Studlar, D. T., & Burns, G. J. (2015). Toward the permissive society? Morality policy agendas and policy directions in Western democracies. Policy Sciences, 48(3), 273-291. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44114817
Swanton, C. (2003). Virtue ethics: A pluralistic view. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199253889.001.0001
Taylor-Collins, E., Harrison. T., Thoma, S. J., & Moller, F. (2019). A habit of social action: Understanding the factors associated with adolescents who have made a habit of helping others. Voluntas, 30, 98-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-018-00070-8
Trautwein, S., Liberatore, F., Lindenmeier, J., & Schnurbein, G. V. (2020). Satisfaction with informal volunteering during the COVID-19 crisis: An empirical study considering a Swiss online volunteering platform. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1142–1151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020964595
Warhurst, R., & Black, K. (2017). What do managers know? Wisdom and manager identity in later career. Management Learning, 48(4), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507616679346
Williams, D. K. (2016). Defenders of the unborn: The pro-life movement before Roe v. Wade. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zyl, L. V. (2019). Virtue ethics: A contemporary introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
Albareda, L., & Sison, A. J. G. (2020). Commons organizing: Embedding common good and institutions for collective action. Insights from ethics and economics. Journal of Business Ethics, 166, 727-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04580-8
Álvarez, A. A., & Mosquera, N. P. (2017). Políticas de salud sexual y reproductiva en España: Contra-movimientos y marcos interpretativos en conflicto. Revista Española de Sociología, 26(3-SUP), 59-76. https://doi.org/ 10.22325/fes/res.2017.35
Alzola, M., Hennig, A., & Romar, E. (2020). Thematic symposium editorial: Virtue ethics between east and west. Journal of Business Ethics, 165, 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04317-2
Ames, M. C. F. D. C. (2020). Proteção à vida de bebês e gestantes: Formação da agenda brasileira e experiências de organizações voluntárias à luz da ética das virtudes (Doctoral dissertation). Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., & Serafim, M. C. (2019). Ensino-aprendizagem da sabedoria prática (phronesis) em Administração: Uma revisão sistemática. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 23(4), 564-586. http://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2019180301
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., Serafim, M. C., & Martins, F. F. (2021). Análise de escalas e medidas de virtudes morais: Uma revisão sistemática. Revista de Administração Contemporânea. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2022190379.por
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., Serafim, M. C., & Zappellini, M. B. (2020). Phronesis in administration and organizations: A literature review and future research agenda. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(S1), 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12296
Ames, M. C. F. D. C., Serafim, M. C., Zappellini, M. B., & Colonetti, A. (2021). Dinâmicas da agenda do aborto no Senado Federal: de 1988 a outubro de 2020. Cadernos Ebape.Br, 19(Spe), 656-674. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120200126
Anscombe, G. E. M. (1958). Modern moral philosophy. Philosophy, 33(124), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100037943
Aquino, T. D. (2014). A prudência: A virtude da decisão certa (2 ed.) São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Aristóteles (2009). Ética a Nicômaco. São Paulo: Atlas.
Avalos, L. (1999). Hindsight and the abortion experience: What abortion means to women years later. Gender Issues, 17(2), 35-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-999-0014-8
Avanza, M. (2020). Using a feminist paradigm (intersectionality) to study conservatism women: The case of pro-life activists in Italy. Politics & Gender, 16(2), 552-580. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X18001034
Bachmann, C., Habisch, A., & Dierksmeier, C. (2018). Practical wisdom: Management’s no longer forgotten virtue. Journal of Business Ethics, 153, 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3417-y
Bernacchio, C., & Couch, R. (2015). The virtue of participatory governance: A MacIntyrean alternative to shareholder maximization. Business Ethics: European Review, 24(S2), S130-S143. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12101
Bessone, P. G. (2017). Catholic church and transnational networks of anti-abortion activism: Bioethics and political uses of the memory of Holocaust. Religación, 2(8), 126-142. Retrieved from https://revista.religacion.com/index.php/religacion/article/view/116
Binder, M. (2020). (Home)schools of democracy? On the intergenerational transmission of civic engagement. Social Indicators Research, 149, 911-945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02278-y
Bouncken, R. B., Qiu, Y., Sinkovics, N., & Kürsten, W. (2021). Qualitative research: Extending the range with flexible pattern matching. Review of Managerial Science, 15, 251-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00451-2
Carlsen, H. B., Toubøl, J., & Brincker, B. (2021). On solidarity and volunteering during the COVID-19 crisis in Denmark: The impact of social networks and social media groups on the distribution of support. European Societies, 23(Sup1), S122-S140. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1818270
Cavalcante, C. E., Souza, W. J. & Mól, A. L. R. (2015). Motivação de voluntários: Proposição de um modelo teórico. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 16(1), 124-156. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712015/administracao.v16n1p124-156
Chaqués-Bonafont, L., Palau, A. M., & Baumgartner, F. R. (2015). Agenda dynamics in Spain. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chu, I., & Moore, G. (2020). From harmony to conflict: MacIntyrean virtue ethics in a Confucian tradition. Journal of Business Ethics, 165, 221-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04305-6
Darnell, C., Gulliford, L., Kristjánsson, K., & Paris, P. (2019). Phronesis and the knowledge-action gap in moral psychology and moral education: A new synthesis? Human Development, 62(3), 101–129. https://doi.org/10.1159/000496136
Dekker, P., & Halman, L. (2003). The values of volunteering: Cross-cultural perspectives. Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0145-9
Demuijnck, G. (2015). Universal values and virtues in management versus cross-cultural moral relativism: An educational strategy to clear the ground for business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 128, 817-835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2065-3
Dreesbach-Bundy, S., & Scheck, B. (2017). Corporate volunteering: A bibliometric analysis from 1990 to 2015. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility, 26(3), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12148
Época Negócios (2022, February 19). Voluntários se solidarizam e ajudam população de Petrópolis. Retrieved from https://epocanegocios.globo.com/Brasil/noticia/2022/02/voluntarios-se-solidarizam-e-ajudam-populacao-de-petropolis.html
Estado de Minas (2022, February 27). Polônia abre os braços aos refugiados ucranianos. Retrieved from https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/internacional/2022/02/27/interna_internacional,1348627/polonia-abre-os-bracos-aos-refugiados-ucranianos.shtml
Faúndes, J. M. M. (2015). El desarrollo del activismo autodenominado “Pro-Vida” en Argentina, 1980-2014. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 77(3), 407-435. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rms/v77n3/v77n3a3.pdf
Ferrero, I., Rocchi, M., Pellegrini, M. M., & Reichert, E. (2020). Practical wisdom: A virtue for leaders. Bringing together Aquinas and authentic leadership. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility, 29(S1), 84-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12298
Ferrero, I., & Sison, A. (2014). A quantitative analysis of authors, schools and themes in virtue ethics articles in business ethics and management journals (1980–2011). Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(4), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12057
Gillan, K, & Pickerill, J. (2012). The difficult and hopeful ethics of research on, and with, social movements. Social Movement Studies, 11(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.664890
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151
Guillén, M., Ferrero, I., & Hoffman, W. M. (2015). The neglected ethical and spiritual motivations in the workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 128, 803-816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1985-7
Gonçalves, T. D., Grzybovski, D., Mozzato, A. R., & Toebe, C. S. (2017). Contradições no agir do voluntário nas organizações da sociedade civil: Ensaio teórico à luz da sociologia pragmática francesa. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 15(4), 900-913. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395155047
Grant, P., Arjoon, S., & McGhee, P. (2018). In pursuit of Eudaimonia: How virtue ethics captures the self-understandings and roles of corporate directors. Journal of Business Ethics, 153, 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3432-z
Green, J. (2009). The deformation of professional formation: Managerial targets and the undermining of professional judgment. Ethics & Social Welfare, 3(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17496530902951871
Hackett, R. D., & Wang, G. (2012). Virtues and leadership: An integrating conceptual framework founded in Aristotelian and Confucian perspectives on virtues. Management Decision, 50(5), 868-899. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211227564
Hartman, E. M. (1998). The role of character in business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3), 547–559. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857437
Hartman, E. M. (2008). Socratic questions and aristotelian answers: A virtue-based approach to business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(3), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9337-5
Hartman, E. M. (2020). Arriving where we started: Aristotle and business ethics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44089-3
Hobuss, J. (2015). O que nos define? Aristóteles e a psicologia do agente moral. Dissertatio, 41, 305-322. https://doi.org/10.15210/dissertatio.v41i0.8512
Hooft, S. V. (2014). The handbook of virtue ethics. Durham, UK: Acumen Publishing.
Hurst, D. K. (2013). Practical wisdom: Reinventing organizations by rediscovering ourselves. Management Research Review, 36(8), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-11-2012-0256
Hussey, L. (2014). Political action versus personal action: Understanding social movements’ pursuit of change through nongovernmental channels. American Politics Research, 42(3), 409-440. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X13498620
Jacinto, E., & Ames, M. C. (2020). Tecnologia organizacional voltada a práxis: A sabedoria prática como norte para as ações eticamente acertadas nas organizações. In M. C. Serafim (Org.), Virtudes e dilemas morais na Administração (pp. 103-130). Florianópolis: AdmEthics.
Kimport, K. (2012). (Mis)understanding abortion regret. Symbolic Interaction, 35(2), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.11
Komenská, K. (2017). Moral motivation in humanitarian action. Human Affairs, 27(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2017-0013
Koehn, D. (2020). How would Confucian virtue ethics for business differ from Aristotelian virtue ethics? Journal of Business Ethics, 165(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04303-8
Kristjánsson, K. (2021). Collective phronesis in business ethics education and managerial practice: A NeoAristotelian analysis. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04912-2
MacIntyre, A. (2007). After virtue: A study in moral theory (3rd ed.). Notre Dame, UK: University of Notre Dame Press.
Martins, F. F., & Serafim, M. C. (2020). Virtude, finanças e caráter no contexto da ética empresarial: Uma revisão sistemática. Revista Gestão e Planejamento, 21, 698-714. http://doi.org/10.21714/2178-8030gep.v.21.6634
Maxwell, C. J. C. (2002). Pro-life activists in America: Meaning, motivation, and direct action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mateiu-Vescan, R., Ionescu, T., & Opre, A. (2021). Reconsidering volunteering: Individual change as a result of doing good for others. Voluntas, 32, 1213-1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-020-00247-0
Melé, D., & Cantón, C. G. (2014). Human foundations of management: Understanding the homo humanus. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Milona, M. (2020). Discovering the virtue of hope. European Journal of Philosophy, 28(3), 740-754. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12518
Montoro, A. J. G. (2019). Leading cases from Spanish constitutional court concerning the legal status of unborn human life. In P. Zambrano & W. Saunders (Eds.). Unborn human life and fundamental rights: Leading constitutional cases under scrutiny (pp. 83-114). Berlin: Peter Lang.
Morales-Sanchez, R., & Cabello-Medina, C. (2013). The role of four moral competencies in ethical decision-making. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(4), 717-734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1817-9
Morgan, J. (2017). The pro-life movement in Japan. Society, 54, 238-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-017-0130-0
Morrell, K., & Brammer, S. (2016). Governance and virtue: The case of public order policing. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(2), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2522-z
Munson, Z. W. (2018). Abortion politics. Medford, MA: Polity Press.
Neves, J. C., & Melé, D. (2013). Managing ethically cultural diversity: Learning from Thomas Aquinas. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 769-780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1820-1
Nguyen, B., & Crossan, M. (2021). Characterinfused ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04790-8
Newstead, T., Macklin, R., Dawkins, S., & Martin, A. (2018). What is virtue? Advancing the conceptualization of virtue to inform positive organizational inquiry. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(4), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0162
Pinto-Garay, J. (2019). Virtue ethics in business: Scale and scope. Business and Society 360 (Vol. 3, pp. 67–86). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2514-175920190000003003
Provis, C. (2010). Virtuous decision making for business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0564-4
Puckering, J. E. (2015). Volunteering in higher education: Gifts, virtues, or obligations? (Doctoral Dissertation). Durham University, Durham, UK.
Queiroz, R. M. C. (2015). Putting ethics and economic rationality together: An Aristotelian and philosophical approach. Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(3), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12077
Rämö, H. (2011). Visualizing the phronetic organization: The case of photographs in CSR reports. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(3), 371–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0916-8
Robin, D. P., & Reidenbach, R. E. (1987). Social responsibility, ethics, and marketing strategy: Closing the gap between concept and application. Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298705100104
Roca, E. (2007). Intuitive practical wisdom in organizational life. Social Epistemology, 21(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691720701393517
Santos, L. S., Serafim, M. C., Pinheiro, D. M., & Ames, M. C. F. D. C. (2019). Razão e administração: Revisitando alguns elementos fundamentais. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 17(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395169791
Sison, A., Beabout, G. R., & Ferrero, I. (2017). Handbook of virtue ethics in business and management. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6510-8
Sison, A. J. G., & Ferrero, I. (2015). How different is neo-Aristotelian virtue from positive organizational virtuousness? Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(S2), S78–S98. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12099
Sison, A. J. G., Ferrero, I., & Guitián, G. (2018). Business ethics: A virtue ethics and common good approach. New York: Routledge.
Sison, A. J. G., Ferrero, I., & Redín, D. M. (2020). Some virtue ethics implications from Aristotelian and Confucian perspectives on family and business. Journal of Business Ethics, 165(2), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04307-4
Sison, A. J. G., & Hühn, N. (2018). Practical wisdom in corporate governance. In A. J. G. Sison, I. Ferrero, & G. Guitián (Eds.), Business ethics: A virtue ethics and common good approach (pp. 165–186). New York, NY: Routledge.
Slote, M. (2001). Morals from motives. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195138376.001.0001
Solomon, R. C. (1992). Corporate roles, personal virtues: An Aristotelian approach to business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2(3), 317–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857536
Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative research: Studying how things work. New York: The Guilford Press.
Sterud, S. M. (2020). An ethics-of-care paradigm in opposition research: The tensions of studying a pro-life organization. Rhetoric of Health & Medicine, 3(4), 462-482. https://doi.org/10.5744/rhm.2020.4007
Steyl, S. (2020). Aristotelian practical wisdom in business ethics: Two neglected components. Journal of Business Ethics, 163, 417–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4040-x
Strang, K. D. (2015). The Palgrave handbook of research design in business and management. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Studlar, D. T., & Burns, G. J. (2015). Toward the permissive society? Morality policy agendas and policy directions in Western democracies. Policy Sciences, 48(3), 273-291. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44114817
Swanton, C. (2003). Virtue ethics: A pluralistic view. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199253889.001.0001
Taylor-Collins, E., Harrison. T., Thoma, S. J., & Moller, F. (2019). A habit of social action: Understanding the factors associated with adolescents who have made a habit of helping others. Voluntas, 30, 98-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-018-00070-8
Trautwein, S., Liberatore, F., Lindenmeier, J., & Schnurbein, G. V. (2020). Satisfaction with informal volunteering during the COVID-19 crisis: An empirical study considering a Swiss online volunteering platform. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1142–1151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020964595
Warhurst, R., & Black, K. (2017). What do managers know? Wisdom and manager identity in later career. Management Learning, 48(4), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507616679346
Williams, D. K. (2016). Defenders of the unborn: The pro-life movement before Roe v. Wade. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zyl, L. V. (2019). Virtue ethics: A contemporary introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.